Lo que lograrás

Configurarás hooks pre-commit y pre-push que lintean, formatean, type-checkean y prueban tu código.

Elegir un framework

• Husky + lint-staged para proyectos Node.
• framework pre-commit para proyectos Python o políglotas.
• core.hooksPath para scripts shell completamente custom.

Ruta 1: Husky para Node

npm install --save-dev husky lint-staged eslint prettier
npx husky init

# .husky/pre-commit
#!/usr/bin/env sh
. "$(dirname "$0")/_/husky.sh"
npx lint-staged

# package.json
"lint-staged": {
  "*.{js,ts,tsx,jsx}": [
    "eslint --fix",
    "prettier --write"
  ],
  "*.{json,md,yml,yaml}": ["prettier --write"]
}

# .husky/pre-push
#!/usr/bin/env sh
. "$(dirname "$0")/_/husky.sh"
npm run typecheck
npm test

Ruta 2: framework pre-commit

pip install pre-commit

# .pre-commit-config.yaml
repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
    rev: v4.6.0
    hooks:
      - id: trailing-whitespace
      - id: end-of-file-fixer
      - id: check-yaml
      - id: check-merge-conflict
  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
    rev: v0.5.0
    hooks:
      - id: ruff
        args: [--fix]
      - id: ruff-format
  - repo: https://github.com/gitleaks/gitleaks
    rev: v8.18.0
    hooks:
      - id: gitleaks

pre-commit install
pre-commit install --hook-type pre-push
pre-commit run --all-files

Ruta 3: hooks shell compartidos

mkdir .githooks
cat > .githooks/pre-commit <<'EOF'
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
files=$(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACMR | grep -E '\\.(js|ts)$' || true)
[ -z "$files" ] && exit 0
echo "$files" | xargs npx eslint --max-warnings=0
echo "$files" | xargs npx prettier --check
EOF
chmod +x .githooks/pre-commit

git config core.hooksPath .githooks

Mejores prácticas

• Ejecuta solo en archivos cambiados.
• Apunta a <5 segundos pre-commit, <30 segundos pre-push.
• Hacer hooks arreglables.
• Reflejar en CI.

Linting de mensajes de commit

npm install --save-dev @commitlint/cli @commitlint/config-conventional

# commitlint.config.js
module.exports = { extends: ['@commitlint/config-conventional'] };

# .husky/commit-msg
#!/usr/bin/env sh
. "$(dirname "$0")/_/husky.sh"
npx --no -- commitlint --edit $1

Saltarse

git commit --no-verify
git push --no-verify